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Program Review for Emergency Medical Services

Program Review Framework & Criteria

I. Connection: From interest to application (Qualitative, program head and dean)

1) Please provide a description of any changes to the program since the last cycle and the appropriate updates to the catalog (general education changes, program requirement changes, ancillary program costs for students, hours/credits of credentials, etc.).

The catalog has been updated with changes as needed. The program has not changed credit-wise, but the VCCS master course file was changed to make EMS 175 a 1 credit vs 2 credit class & add in EMS 170 at 1 credit to create a better balance across the system in the EMS programs. The catalog was changed to reflect this. We have made a concerted effort to make sure that the catalog reflects as much ancillary costs as possible (estimated cost of uniforms, books, background check, needed software) & updated those costs as needed. 





2) How do students find out about the program? Please provide examples of advising activities, marketing materials, or other outreach and engagement events designed to recruit students to the program.

The P&HCC EMS Program maintains an active Facebook page which can be accessed from the P&HCC Social Media Directory, as well as it is followed by several EMS agencies/organizations in the area. We use this page to highlight student/graduate achievements, pictures/video from EMS classes, as well as updating with the application period is open for Paramedic, AEMT and EMT. Many of our EMS graduates "like" the page and will subsequently share items from it to their page, which increases the visibility of the program. We also recently added a "how did you hear about us" free text section to the Paramedic Program-specific application so we can track how incoming students are learning about the program. So far, it appears to be majority of word of mouth from someone they knew who was in our program. 

We maintain easy-to-understand informational/advising sheets on the each of our EMS pathways on the P&HCC EMS Webpage, as well as a direct link to email the Program Director with questions. The Program Director emails updates to the area rescue squads/fire departments on the EMS application period, as well copies of the information/advising sheets. In addition, the Program Director is often requested to present on the Paramedic Program at regional EMT courses, as well as guest lecture in various regional EMS courses and continuing education courses. 









II. Entry: From application to pathway entry (Qualitative, program head and dean)

1) Please provide a description of your program credentials and how they stack into one another.

The Program works from a perspective of having a parent degree, which is the AAS-Paramedic, which can be earned without necessarily earning credentials underneath it, though we do have the students apply for graduation from the EMT & Advanced EMT CSCs throughout the AAS-Paramedic Program if they have completed all the required courses. Most of the graduates of the AAS-Paramedic degree come into P&HCC with an EMT certification already, & are able to receive CPL for that, which shortens their degree from 5 semesters to 4. The EMT & Advanced EMT CSCs allow for the student who just want the EMT or AEMT certifications to earn that credential from P&HCC & complete the classes required to sit for the required National Registry exam. We also have a CPL pathway for students who already have an AEMT or Intermediate certification and now wish to earn Paramedic. New for 2023-2025 Paramedic cohort is the addition of an RN/EMT to Paramedic CPL pathway that will have 2 RN/EMT students start the EMS courses in Fall 2024. 





Questions for consideration:
1.a. What is the employability (or transferability) of each credential?

All of the graduates from each of the credentials earned in the EMS Program (EMT, AEMT, & Paramedic) are employed in the Emergency Medical Services field, once they are officially certified. These positions include Public Safety agencies, Fire Departments, Ambulance Transport services, & Emergency Department technicians. Starting out pay for the EMT & AEMT certification ranges between $15-18/hr, Paramedic pay is anywhere between $19-$22/hr, depending on regional location. 

We have had several graduates go on to earn bachelors degrees from other institutions and they have reported back to us that their AAS-Paramedic degree transferred in without issue. These colleges have been Radford University Carilion, Liberty University, and Old Dominion University.



1.b. Do all credits from a sub-credential transfer into the parent credential?

Yes, they all transfer in seamlessly.


1.c. What is the timeframe of completion for all credentials within the program (i.e. is the program setup to award sub-credentials prior to the parent credential)?

A student who has zero previous college work can earn the AAS-Paramedic degree in 5 semesters. In EMS educational circles, this is often referred to as the "Zero to Hero" pathway. However, most students enter the AAS-Paramedic degree program already certified as an EMT, so this shaves their required semesters down to 4. As long as students have completed all Paramedic education requirements (turned in all clinical paperwork and applied to the National Registry to take the Paramedic certification exam), a student can take their certification exam nearly immediately after final grades are posted. 

Semester 1, Spring

- will take the National Registry EMT cognitive examination

Semester 2, Fall

- no certification available at this stage

Semester 3, Spring

- may take the National Registry AEMT cognitive examination (not required to do in the AAS-Paramedic degree, just optional)

Semester 4, Fall

- no certification available at this stage

Semester 5 - Spring

- will take the National Registry Paramedic cognitive examination



2) Program enrollment, if applicable, disaggregated by specialization (Quantitative, IE)

As seen in the data, the Paramedic Program took a significant dip in student applications for the 2022-2024 cohort period that ultimately resulted in zero students starting the Paramedic Program in Fall 2022. The PD met with the Advisory Board on this matter after pursuing every avenue available to promote student interest in the program, and it was ultimately decided that the probable cause was a regional COVID burnout. The 2023-2025 Paramedic Cohort application period bounced back to near pre-COVID levels and a cohort total of 13 students have been accepted and are taking courses. The PD maintains data on Paramedic Program applications and this data can be disseminated if needed. AEMT & EMT courses tend to be lower-enrolled. This is most likely due to a fair number of local rescue-squad based EMT courses in the region. AEMT most likely stays lower-enrolled because of the relative "newness" of the certification to the region, as well as a disparity in the difference in pay for an EMT vs AEMT. Some students don’t see an advantage to the AEMT certification because there isn’t a high enough pay bump, unlike the one that’s seen in EMT to Paramedic.



a. Annual program FTE and HC over the last review cycle (To include SCHEV program ratios and SCHEV class ratios)

Plan

Program

2022-2023 AY

2021-2022 AY

2020-2021 AY

2019-2020 AY

HC

FTE

HC

FTE

HC

FTE

HC

FTE

146

Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

20

12.60

29

18.07

38

23.47

41

26.87

221-146-01

Health Technology: EMS

4

2.37

11

6.63

8

3.57

1

0.70

221-146-08

Health Technology: EMS Advanced

11

3.73

8

2.13

10

3.23

1

0.37

Headcount and FTE Table



III. Progress: Pathway advancement (Quantitative, IE)

1) Student learning outcomes data

Program: Emergency Medical Services - Paramedic, AAS
Year Outcome Assessment Course Criteria Benchmark Data Action Plan for Next AY
2020-21 demonstrate ability to apply concepts and skill required to practice as a paramedic level provider Lab 1 assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 100% (10 of 10 students) met the criteria OB and OR concepts changed to simulation due to COVID
demonstrates required clinical skill competencies to deliver appropriate client care Clinical skill check EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 77% (7 of 9 students) met the criteria
administer medications within the scope of practice as a paramedic provider Medications assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 22% (2 of 9 students) met the criteria
demonstrate acceptable workplace skills, attitudes, and behaviors Affective assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 22% (2 of 9 students) met the criteria
appropriately interpret ECG readings and provide ALS intervention Lab 2 assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 22% (2 of 9 students) met the criteria
demonstrate competency identifying human organs and listing specific functions of organs that make up organ systems Lab 3 assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 22% (2 of 9 students) met the criteria
2021-22 demonstrate ability to apply concepts and skill required to practice as a paramedic level provider Lab 1 assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 88% (8 of 9 students) met the criteria Clinical parameters returned to face-to-face and removed simulation entirely
demonstrates required clinical skill competencies to deliver appropriate client care Clinical skill check EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 0% (0 of 9 students)  met the criteria Addition of chest tube simulator
administer medications within the scope of practice as a paramedic provider Medications assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 22% (2 of 9 students) met the criteria Nasogastric simulator added
demonstrate acceptable workplace skills, attitudes, and behaviors Affective assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 33% (3 of 9 students) met the criteria Clinical parameters returned to face-to-face and removed simulation entirely
appropriately interpret ECG readings and provide ALS intervention Lab 2 assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 100% (9 of 9 students) met the criteria Upgraded iSimulate software to new platform
demonstrate competency identifying human organs and listing specific functions of organs that make up organ systems Lab 3 assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 100% (9 of 9 students) met the criteria Maintained BIO 141/142 as part of curricular requirements
2022-23 demonstrate ability to apply concepts and skill required to practice as a paramedic level provider Lab 1 assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 100% (10 of 10 students) met the criteria Ambulance simulator added as part of comprehensive assessment
demonstrates required clinical skill competencies to deliver appropriate client care Clinical skill check EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 100% (10 of 10 students) met the criteria Ambulance simulator added as part of comprehensive assessment
administer medications within the scope of practice as a paramedic provider Medications assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 100% (10 of 10 students) met the criteria Ambulance simulator added as part of comprehensive assessment
demonstrate acceptable workplace skills, attitudes, and behaviors Affective assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 100% (10 of 10 students) met the criteria Ambulance simulator added as part of comprehensive assessment
appropriately interpret ECG readings and provide ALS intervention Lab 2 assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 100% (10 of 10 students) met the criteria Ambulance simulator added as part of comprehensive assessment
demonstrate competency identifying human organs and listing specific functions of organs that make up organ systems Lab 3 assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria 100% (10 of 10 students) met the criteria Ambulance simulator added as part of comprehensive assessment
2023-24 demonstrate ability to apply concepts and skill required to practice as a paramedic level provider Lab 1 assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria    
demonstrates required clinical skill competencies to deliver appropriate client care Clinical skill check EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria    
administer medications within the scope of practice as a paramedic provider Medications assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria    
demonstrate acceptable workplace skills, attitudes, and behaviors Affective assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria    
appropriately interpret ECG readings and provide ALS intervention Lab 2 assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria    
demonstrate competency identifying human organs and listing specific functions of organs that make up organ systems Lab 3 assessment EMS 216 80% or higher 80% will meet criteria    


Outcomes Table

The EMS Program Student Learning Outcomes continue to be measured at various stages of the student experience in the EMS Program. These outcomes will continue to be scrutinized & updated as the P&HCC EMS Program moves into the anticipated new VCCS EMS Common Curriculum in 2024-2025, which will necessitate the change in class courses examined & perhaps the outcomes that are being measured.





2) Program credit attainment (15/12 in one semester, 30/24 for those who enrolled in two consecutive semesters)

 

N

2022-23

One Term

Two Consecutive

12

15

24

30

146 - Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

20

4

0

9

0

221-146-01 - Health Technology: EMS

4

0

0

2

0

221-146-08 - Health Technology:EMS Advanced

11

0

0

1

0

Program

N

2021-2022

One  Term

Two Consecutive

12

15

24

30

146 - Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

29

5

0

10

2

221-146-01 - Health Technology: EMS

11

5

1

1

1

221-146-08 - Health Technology: EMS Advanced

8

0

0

0

0

Program

N

2022-2021

One Term

Two Consecutive

12

15

24

30

146 - Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

38

2

0

12

3

221-146-01 - Health Technology: EMS

8

0

0

2

0

221-146-08 - Health Technology: EMS Advanced

10

0

0

0

0

Program

N

2020-2021

One
 Term

Two Consecutive
Terms

12

15

24

30

146--Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

41

2

1

17

2

221-146-01--Health Technology: EMS

1

0

0

0

0

221-146-08--Health Technology: EMS Advanced

1

0

0

0

0



Credit Attainment Table

The majority of students who actually start the AAS-Paramedic level classes in Fall of each year (as the EMS Program starts a new Paramedic cohort) already have the EMT Certification & are thus awarded CPL & have 8 credits awarded to their transcript for EMS 111 & EMS 120. Starting in Fall 2019, students who already have an AEMT certification may apply for CPL to start in the current cohort in the Spring semester, which allows them credit for EMS 111, 120, 121, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 135, 136, 137, & 138 courses (20 credits). Students who are already certified as EMT-Intermediates may apply CPL & enter the Fall semester of the AAS-Paramedic Program as Second Year students, which awards them credit for all EMS courses prior to the Second Year - EMS 111, 120, 121, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 170, & 175 (27 credits).

 




3) Program retention and persistence relative to the start date of the program (subsequent term calculation)

Academic Plan

N

Fall 22

F2S

F2F

n

%

n

%

146 - Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

3

3

100.00%

0

0.00%

221-146-01 - Health Technology: EMS

4

2

50.00%

1

25.00%

Academic Plan

N

Fall 21

F2S

F2F

n

%

n

%

146 - Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

9

7

77.78%

7

77.78%

221-146-01 - Health Technology: EMS

2

0

0.00%

0

0.00%

Academic Plan

N

Fall 20

F2S

F2F

n

%

n

%

146 - Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

11

8

72.73%

4

36.36%

221-146-01 - Health Technology: EMS

3

3

100.00%

3

100.00%

Academic Plan

N

Fall 19

F2S

F2F

n

%

n

%

146--Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

14

11

78.57%

6

42.86%

Persistence and Retention Table

FTIC data is starting to look more positive for the EMS Program & this is mostly due to the discontinuance of the previous "step out" point in the AAS Paramedic degree. Up until Spring 2018, students could earn an EMT-Intermediate certification at the completion of their First Year of AAS Paramedic study. This led to many students opting to quit the AAS Paramedic program because they had already earned an Advanced Life Support certification, the pay for this certification was similar to Paramedic pay, & students just didn’t have motivation to continue. In anticipation of the National Registry decision to stop offering this credential as of December 31, 2019, to preserve retention in the EMS Program, & also to state the EMS Program’s goal of the AAS-Paramedic degree always being tied to the Paramedic certification, the EMT-Intermediate certification option was discontinued. The EMS Program continues to have about the same number of students for each cohort that do not persist in the program secondary to failing a professional course or deciding that continuing in the EMS field is not for them (between 2-4 per cohort), and this is typically early in their first semester of Paramedic study. Per the CAAHEP accreditation requirements, the PD is required to report on this data each year in the Annual Report. 



IV. Completion: Credential attainment (Quantitative, IE)

1) Sub-credential attainment and timeframe (are students completing sub-credential prior to or at the same time as parent credential?)

Plan

N

AY 2022-23

Grads

150

n

%

n

%

221-146-01 - Health Technology: EMS

4

 

--

 

--

221-146-08 - Health Technology: EMS Advanced

11

10

90.91%

10

100.00%

Plan

N

AY 2021-22

Grads

150

n

%

n

%

221-146-01 - Health Technology: EMS

11

5

45.45%

5

100.00%

221-146-08 - Health Technology: EMS Advanced

8

7

87.50%

7

100.00%

Plan

 

AY 2020-21

 

 

 

 

 

 

Grads

150%

N

n

%

n

%

221-146-01 - Health Technology: EMS

8

3

37.50%

2

66.67%

221-146-08 - Health Technology: EMS Advanced

10

3

30.00%

3

100.00%

Plan

 

AY 2019-20

 

 

 

 

 

 

Grads

150%

N

n

%

n

%

221-146-01--Health Technology Emergency Medical Services

1

0

-

0

-

221-146-08--Health Technology- Emergency Medical Services Advanced EMT

1

0

-

0

-


Subcredential Completion Table

The EMT-Intermediate CSC pathway was closed in Spring 2018. The Paramedic CSC was closed in Spring 2020. The Health Technology EMS CSC (EMT) has continually increased in interest with incoming new students using SEED to obtain the EMT certification & credential. The Health Technology AEMT CSC is picking up speed as you can see in the data. 





2) Parent credential attainment and timeframe, if applicable, disaggregated by specialization

Plan

N

AY 2022-23

Grads

150

n

%

n

%

146 - Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

20

12

60.00%

6

50.00%

Plan

N

AY 2021-22

Grads

150

n

%

n

%

146 - Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

29

6

20.69%

3

50.00%

Plan

 

AY 2020-21

 

 

 

 

 

 

Grads

150%

N

n

%

n

%

146 - Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

38

11

28.95%

7

63.64%

Plan

 

AY 2019-20

 

 

 

 

 

 

Grads

150%

N

n

%

n

%

146-Emergency Medical Services - Paramedic

41

5

12.20%

3

60.00%

 


Parent Completion Table

This table shows strong completion numbers for the P&HCC AAS Paramedic degree. We anticipate this number to continue to rise each year as we tie completion of credential plus application to graduate with the ability to take the certification exam, which is what students ultimately want. We did experience a downturn during COVID, with ultimately zero students enrolling for Paramedic for the 2022-2024 cohort, but this is believed to be attributed to COVID burnout in the EMS community and appears to be on the way back up according to Program application data and interest. The PD keeps an excel file on all students who are advised for all EMS programs, as well as outcomes of those students. 




a. Are students completing within 6 semesters (150% of graduation time)?

Yes, they are all completing within 6 semesters. 



V. Transition: Employment or transfer post-credential (Quantitative, IE)

1) Transfer outcomes (students who transfer with associate degree, students who transfer without)

Plan

N

AY 2022-23

Grads

Transfer

n

%

n

%

146 - Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

20

12

60.00%

1

5.00%

221-146-01 - Health Technology: EMS

4

 

--

0

--

221-146-08 - Health Technology: EMS Advanced

11

10

90.91%

0

--

Plan

N

AY 2021-22

Grads

Transfer

n

%

n

%

146 - Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

29

6

20.69%

0

--

221-146-01 - Health Technology: EMS

11

5

45.45%

1

9.09%

221-146-08 - Health Technology: EMS Advanced

8

7

87.50%

0

--

Plan

N
(Overall)

AY 2020-21

n

Transfer

%

n

%

146 - Emergency Med Svcs - Paramedic

38

11

28.95%

2

18.18%

221-146-01 - Health Technology: EMS

8

3

37.50%

0

-

221-146-08 - Health Technology: EMS Advanced

10

3

30.00%

0

-

Plan

N

AY 2019-20

Associate

Non-Associate

n

%

n

%

146-Emergency Medical Services - Paramedic

41

1

33.33%

2

66.67%

221-146-01- Health Technology Emergency Medical Services

1

0

0.00%

0

0.00%

221-146-08-Emergency Medical Services Advanced EMT

1

0

0.00%

0

0.00%


Transfer Outcomes

The EMS Program does not have much specific data on previous graduates who have transferred to other educational institutions, other than what we happen to know about the graduate because they are still in the area, help precept students, or help teach EMS lab. At least 2 previous students have transferred their Paramedic AAS to Radford University Carilion (previously Jefferson College of Health Sciences) & have subsequently earned a Paramedic Bachelor of Science. At least 4 previous graduates have gone on to Liberty University or Old Dominion University to pursue non-medical science Bachelors degrees. 





2) Student perspective/satisfaction


Data not disaggregated by program.

IN1: The courses I took at PHCC prepared me for my educational goals.

Responses:

47

Average:

82.81

Rating

# of Responses

% of Total

<60

9

19.15%

60-69

2

4.26%

70-79

4

8.51%

80-89

4

8.51%

>90

28

59.57%

IN2:The faculty at PHCC are fair and supportive of students.

Responses:

47

Average:

82.17

Rating

# of Responses

% of Total

<60

9

19.15%

60-69

3

6.38%

70-79

1

2.13%

80-89

2

4.26%

>90

32

68.09%

IN3: The faculty at PHCC demonstrate thorough knowledge of the subject matter.

Responses:

48

Average:

80.4

Rating

# of Responses

% of Total

<60

11

22.92%

60-69

1

2.08%

70-79

3

6.25%

80-89

3

6.25%

>90

30

62.50%

IN4: In the courses I took at PHCC, classroom activities and outside assignments were appropriate and meaningful.

Responses:

47

Average:

79.87

Rating

# of Responses

% of Total

<60

9

19.15%

60-69

5

10.64%

70-79

3

6.38%

80-89

1

2.13%

>90

29

61.70%

IN5: I would recommend the faculty at PHCC. 

Responses:

48

Average:

82.23

Rating

# of Responses

% of Total

<60

8

16.67%

60-69

2

4.17%

70-79

4

8.33%

80-89

5

10.42%

>90

29

60.42%

The PD for the EMS Programs also maintains a database of required "end of program" survey responses that is required by the CAAHEP accrediting body. These survey results are disseminated to the EMS Advisory Board each year and are overall positive. 





VI. Sustainability: Future Program Outlook (Mixed methods, IE, program head and dean)


1) Program forecast (major expenditures, changes, personnel needs, etc.); any future costs should be explained in this section)

The P&HCC EMS program has now been moved into their own dedicated space in Philpott 117 (EMS Lab) & Philpott 119 (ambulance room). We also have been given release time each semester for lab management. Since the Paramedic & EMT programs have both moved to a hybrid model, the need for a dedicated EMS classroom space isn't as much needed, and AEMT is taught at night when there is increased classroom availability. We have a small dedicated set of lab instructors that are able to work when they are needed and provide excellent instruction to our students. If we continue to grow in student cohort size, we may have to grow in space, but for now, we seem to be set. 





a. Any other pertinent information relevant to the review process should be provided here (e.g. community need, state/federal requirements, external accreditation, SCHEV low enrollment warning, etc.)

The EMS Paramedic Program must maintain an outside accreditation by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) as administered by the Commission on Accreditation of EMS Programs (CoAEMSP).



b. Employment forecast for program (Analyst data)

Ambulance Services in Patrick & Henry Community College, 2023Q11

 

Current

5-Year History

5-Year Forecast

NAICS

Industry

Empl

Avg Ann Wages

LQ

Empl Change

Ann %

Total Demand

Exits

Transfers

Empl Growth

Ann % Growth

62191

Ambulance Services

39

$33,346

0.69

9

5.6%

14

5

10

-1

-0.6%

 

Total - All Industries

48,857

$41,329

1.00

-431

-0.2%

26,572

11,617

16,186

-1,232

-0.5%

There is no lacking of EMS jobs in this region, & the farther north you go, the greater the job market is (& an increase in pay). Our students & graduates are 100% employed in the EMS field, most with 1 full time EMS job & 1 part time EMS job. The EMS credentials also allow for obtaining jobs in non-EMS areas like dialysis technicians, organ procurement technicians, & plasma donation technicians.